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Evaluating the material strength from fracture angle under uniaxial loading

Jitang FAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 288-293 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0480-8

摘要： The most common experimental methods of measuring material strength are the uniaxial compressive and tensile tests. Generally, shearing fracture model occurs in both the tests. Compressive strength is higher than tensile strength for a material. Shearing fracture angle is smaller than 45° under uniaxial compression and greater than 45° under uniaxial tension. In this work, a unified relation of material strength under uniaxial compression and tension is developed by correlating the shearing fracture angle in theory. This constitutive relation is quantitatively illustrated by a function for analyzing the material strength from shear fracture angle. A computational simulation is conducted to validate this theoretical function. It is full of interest to give a scientific illustration for designing the high-strength materials and engineering structures.

关键词： strength fracture mechanics

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Computational methods for fracture in rock: a review and recent advances

Ali JENABIDEHKORDI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 273-287 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0459-5

摘要： We present an overview of the most popular state-of-the-art computational methods available for modelling fracture in rock. The summarized numerical methods can be classified into three categories: Continuum Based Methods, Discrete Crack Approaches, and Block-Based Methods. We will not only provide an extensive review of those methods which can be found elsewhere but particularly address their potential in modelling fracture in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. In this context, we will discuss their key applications, assumptions, and limitations. Furthermore, we also address ‘general’ difficulties that may arise for simulating fracture in rock and fractured rock. This review will conclude with some final remarks and future challenges.

关键词： numerical modelling method development rock mechanics fractured rock rock fracturing

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Hazard potential of zones of weakness in gravity dams under impact loading conditions

Herbert LINSBAUER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 90-97 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0008-3

摘要： Dam constructions worldwide are designed and constructed in view of the strictest safety aspects for all static and dynamic load cases. As experience shows, however, formation of cracks in the “homogeneos concrete” as well as unsatisfactory compound behavior of lift joints are not to be excluded. These zones of weakness especially on the upstream side of the dam— exposed to high water pressure (static and dynamic)— represent an increased risk of safety. The main investigation, apart from the computation of the dynamic effects on the dam as a global structure, focuses on the stability analysis of a pressure-water filled crack configuration subjected to “dynamic loading” in the form of seismic action on the dam-reservoir-system and alternatively by “impact spot-loading” within sectors of the reservoir. A fracture mechanics based analysis shows an excessive potential of damage for the afflicted structure.

关键词： dam-reservoir earthquake impact cracking fracture mechanics

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采矿过程中磨料水射流性能通用预测方法

Eugene Averin

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第6期页码 888-891 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.12.004

摘要：

极端采矿条件下的硬岩破碎可采用磨料水射流（AWJ）技术，这种技术能够在不产生粉尘的条件下有效切割难以机械加工的材料。这种技术还可用于爆破、本安和消防安全。就断裂力学而言，每一种可被破坏的材料均可被视为韧性或脆性材料。因此，需要找到一种无论使用AWJ 对何种材料进行切割都能精确预测其效率的方法。该问题可通过能量守恒法加以解决，它显示了材料去除量与AWJ 动能之间的比例。本文介绍了基于能量守恒法的预测方法，并提出如何达到最有效破坏水平的建议，以及关于涉及磨料流量与水流量、靶距和磨料颗粒粒径关系值的合理范围的建议。本文还提供了基于断裂力学的临时结构法确定材料破坏起始阈值条件的参数。

关键词：磨料水射流能量守恒法切割深度断裂力学阈值速度采矿

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Degree of bending of concrete-filled rectangular hollow section K-joints under balanced-axial loadings

Rui ZHAO; Yongjian LIU; Lei JIANG; Yisheng FU; Yadong ZHAO; Xindong ZHAO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 461-477 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0818-0

摘要： It has been found that the fatigue life of tubular joints is not only determined by the hot spot stress, but also by the stress distribution through the tube thickness represented as the degree of bending (DoB). Consequently, the DoB value should be determined to improve the accuracy of fatigue assessment for both stress-life curve and fracture mechanics methods. Currently, no DoB parametric formula is available for concrete-filled rectangular hollow section (CFRHS) K-joints, despite their wide use in bridge engineering. Therefore, a robust finite element (FE) analysis was carried out to calculate the DoB of CFRHS K-joints under balanced-axial loading. The FE model was developed and verified against a test result to ensure accuracy. A comprehensive parametric study including 190 models, was conducted to establish the relationships between the DoBs and four specific variables. Based on the numerical results, design equations to predict DoBs for CFRHS K-joints were proposed through multiple regression analysis. A reduction of 37.17% was discovered in the DoB, resulting in a decrease of 66.85% in the fatigue life. Inclusively, the CFRHS K-joints with same hot spot stresses, may have completely different fatigue lives due to the different DoBs.

关键词： fatigue assessment K-joint design equations degree of bending fracture mechanics

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Progressive failure analysis of notched composite plate by utilizing macro mechanics approach

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 623-642 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0726-8

摘要： In this study, gradual and sudden reduction methods were combined to simulate a progressive failure in notched composite plates using a macro mechanics approach. Using the presented method, a progressive failure is simulated based on a linear softening law prior to a catastrophic failure, and thereafter, sudden reduction methods are employed for modeling a progressive failure. This combination method significantly reduces the computational cost and is also capable of simultaneously predicting the first and last ply failures (LPFs) in composite plates. The proposed method is intended to predict the first ply failure (FPF), LPF, and dominant failure modes of carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy notched composite plates. In addition, the effects of mechanical properties and different stacking sequences on the propagation of damage in notched composite plates were studied. The results of the presented method were compared with experimental data previously reported in the literature. By comparing the numerical and experimental data, it is revealed that the proposed method can accurately simulate the failure propagation in notched composite plates at a low computational cost.

关键词： progressive failure notched composite plate Hashin failure criterion macro mechanics approach finite element method

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航空航天技术与力学

陈士橹

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第3期页码 25-26

摘要：

文章论述了航空航天技术发展与力学学科发展的依存关系，讨论了力学学科间的交叉及交叉学科的产生，重点介绍了飞行力学与空气动力学、结构力学、一般力学、自动控制等学科间的关系，进而讨论了飞行力学的分支——弹性飞行器动力学。

关键词：空气动力学结构力学一般力学自动控制飞行力学弹性飞行器动力学

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Creep life assessment of aero-engine recuperator based on continuum damage mechanics approach

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0702-6

摘要： The creep life of an aeroengine recuperator is investigated in terms of continuum damage mechanics by using finite element simulations. The effects of the manifold wall thickness and creep properties of brazing filler metal on the operating life of the recuperator are analyzed. Results show that the crack initiates from the brazing filler metal located on the outer surface of the manifold with the wall thickness of 2 mm and propagates throughout the whole region of the brazing filler metal when the creep time reaches 34900 h. The creep life of the recuperator meets the requirement of 40000 h continuous operation when the wall thickness increases to 3.5 mm, but its total weight increases by 15%. Decreasing the minimum creep strain rate with the enhancement of the creep strength of the brazing filler metal presents an obvious effect on the creep life of the recuperator. At the same stress level, the creep rupture time of the recuperator is enhanced by 13 times if the mismatch between the minimum creep rate of the filler and base metal is reduced by 20%.

关键词： creep life assessment brazed joint continuum damage mechanics aeroengine recuperator

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Study of the mechanics of progressive collapse of FPB isolated beam-pier substructures

Jingcai ZHANG; Yong DING; Xinchun GUAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 718-728 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0815-3

摘要： The horizontal stiffness of the isolated layer is reduced substantially by a friction pendulum bearing (FPB) toprotectthe structure from potential damages caused by earthquakes. However, horizontal stiffness is essential to progressive collapse resistance of structures. This paper presents a simplified model to assess the progressive collapse response of beam-pier substructure isolated by FPB. Progressive collapse resistance by flexural action of the beam and additional resistance owing to the horizontal restraining force was achieved. The influences of the equivalent radius and friction coefficient of the FPB, the applied axial force on the FPB, and span-depth ratio of the beam on the additional resistance were investigated. Simulations were conducted to verify the proposed model. The results show that progressive collapse resistance provided by horizontal restraining can be reduced as large as 46% and 88% during compressive arching action (CAA) and catenary action (CA), respectively. The equivalent radius of the FPB shows limited effect on the progressive collapse response of FPB isolated structures, but friction coefficient and applied axial force, as well as depth ratio of the beam, show significant influences on the additional progressive collapse resistance capacity. Finite element method (FEM) results are in good agreement with the result obtained by the proposed method.

关键词： friction pendulum bearing progressive collapse horizontal stiffness compressive arching action catenary action

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Tests on impact effect of partial fracture at steel frame connections

CHEN Yiyi, BIAN Ruoning

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 295-301 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0049-z

摘要： Impact effect of sudden fracture at steel frame connections under severe earthquake or other extreme loads is presented in this paper. The relation of impulse caused by structural fracture to the release of inner force at the cracked location, the magnitude of the response to impact on the basis of one degree of freedom model, and the ratio of the peak value of response to natural period of the system are investigated. Two types of fracture tests were designed and carried out both on uniaxial steel bar tensioned and moment resistant steel frame model. It is proven that the response during the fracture process can be measured quite well using high-frequency data processing system. It is also revealed that the instant fracture of structural connection is characterized by progressive and partial fracture. Numerical evaluation of the impact effect of connection fracture is carried out.

关键词： structural fracture natural fracture progressive high-frequency

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Advances in structural mechanics of Chinese ancient architectures

YU Maohong, ODA Yoshiya, FANG Dongping, ZHAO Junhai

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 1-25 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0002-1

摘要： Chinese ancient architectures are valuable heritage of ancient culture of China. Many historical building have been preserved up to now. The researches on the structural mechanics of ancient architectures show the different aspects of structure and mechanics. Systematical studies on the structural mechanics of ancient architectures have been carried out at Xi’an Jiaotong University since 1982. It is related with the need of repair of some national preservation relics in Xi’an. These studies include: 1) Ancient wooden structures including three national preservation relics Arrow Tower at North City Gate, City Tower at East City Gate, and Baogao Temple in Ningbao, Zhejiang province. 2) Ancient tall masonry building, the Big Goose Pagoda and Small Goose Pagoda in Xi’an. 3) Mechanical characteristics of ancient soil under foundation and city wall; the influence of caves in and under the ancient City Wall on the stability of the wall. 4) The typical Chinese ancient building at the center of city: the Bell Tower and Drum tower. 5) The behavior of Dou-Gong and Joggle joint of Chinese ancient wooden structure. 6) The mechanical behavior of ancient soils under complex stress state. A new systematical strength theory, the unified strength theory, is used to analyze the stability of ancient city wall in Xi’an and foundation of tall pagoda built in Tang dynasty. These researches also concern differential settlements of Arrow Tower and resistance to earthquake of these historical architecture heritages. Some other studies are also introduced. This paper gives a summary of these researches. Preservation and research are nowadays an essential requirement for the famous monuments, buildings, towers and others. Our society is more and more conscious of this necessity, which involves increasing activities of restoration, and then sometimes also of repair, mechanical strengthening and seismic retrofitting. Many historical buildings have in fact problems of structural strength and stability; the need for further studies on structural mechanics and materials is definitely growing.

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Effect of fly ash replacement level on the fracture behavior of concrete

Mahdi AREZOUMANDI, Jeffery S. VOLZ

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 411-418 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0228-4

摘要： The production of portland cement–the key ingredient in concrete–generates a significant amount of carbon dioxide. However, due to its incredible versatility, availability, and relatively low cost, concrete is the most consumed manmade material on the planet. One method of reducing concrete’s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is the use of fly ash to replace a significant amount of the cement. ?This study presents the results of an experimental investigation that evaluates effect of fly ash replacement level on the fracture energy of concrete. This study includes four mixes with 0%, 30%, 50%, and 70% fly ash as a cement replacement. This experimental program consisted of 32 fracture beams to study the fracture behavior of concrete. The experimental fracture energies were compared with the fracture energy provisions of different design codes and also different analytical equations. Furthermore, statistical data analyses (parametric and non-parametric) were performed to evaluate whether or not there is any statistically significant difference between the experimental fracture energies of different mixes. Results of these statistical tests show that the mix with higher level of fly ash replacement level has higher fracture energy.

关键词： concrete fracture energy fly ash

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广义塑性力学及其运用

郑颖人,孔亮

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第11期页码 21-36

摘要：

分析了经典塑性力学用于岩土类材料的问题，它采用了3个不符合岩土材料变形机制的假设。从固体力学原理直接导出广义塑性位势理论，将经典塑性力学改造为更一般的塑性力学——广义塑性力学。广义塑性力学采用了塑性力学中的分量理论，能反映应力路径转折的影响，并避免了采用正交流动法则所引起的过大剪胀等不合理现象，也不会产生当前非关联流动法则中任意假定塑性势面引起的误差。给出了广义塑性力学的屈服面理论、硬化定律和应力-应变关系，并建立了考虑应力主轴旋转的广义塑性位势理论。屈服条件是状态参数，也是试验参数，只能由试验给出。应用表明，广义塑性力学可作为岩土材料的建模理论，还可应用于诸如极限分析等土力学的诸多领域，具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词：岩土塑性力学广义塑性力学塑性势屈服面本构模型

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A computational toolbox for molecular property prediction based on quantum mechanics and quantitative

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 152-167 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2060-z

摘要： Chemical industry is always seeking opportunities to efficiently and economically convert raw materials to commodity chemicals and higher value-added chemical-based products. The life cycles of chemical products involve the procedures of conceptual product designs, experimental investigations, sustainable manufactures through appropriate chemical processes and waste disposals. During these periods, one of the most important keys is the molecular property prediction models associating molecular structures with product properties. In this paper, a framework combining quantum mechanics and quantitative structure-property relationship is established for fast molecular property predictions, such as activity coefficient, and so forth. The workflow of framework consists of three steps. In the first step, a database is created for collections of basic molecular information; in the second step, quantum mechanics-based calculations are performed to predict quantum mechanics-based/derived molecular properties (pseudo experimental data), which are stored in a database and further provided for the developments of quantitative structure-property relationship methods for fast predictions of properties in the third step. The whole framework has been carried out within a molecular property prediction toolbox. Two case studies highlighting different aspects of the toolbox involving the predictions of heats of reaction and solid-liquid phase equilibriums are presented.

关键词： molecular property quantum mechanics quantitative structure-property relationship heat of reaction solid-liquid phase equilibrium

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Computational modeling of fracture in concrete: A review

Luthﬁ Muhammad Mauludin, Chahmi Oucif

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期页码 586-598 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0573-z

摘要： This paper presents a review of fracture modeling of concrete. The complex material, such as concrete, has been widely used in construction industries and become trending issue in the last decades. Based on comprehensive literature review, there are two main approaches considered to-date of concrete fracture modeling, such as macroscopic and micromechanical models. The purpose of this review is to provide insight comparison from different techniques in modeling of fracture in concrete which are available. In the first section, an overview of fracture modeling in general is highlighted. Two different approaches both of macroscopic and micromechanical models will be reviewed. As heterogeneity of concrete material is major concern in micromechanical-based concrete modeling, one section will discuss this approach. Finally, the summary from all of reviewed techniques will be pointed out before the future perspective is given.

关键词： concrete fracture macroscopic micromechanical heterogeneity